Knowledge as a Double Edged Sword in the novels Oryx and...

Is knowledge, which is the base of human ingenuity and intelligence, also the factor which will bring upon humanity’s impending destruction? Knowledge today plays a key role in almost every facet of human existence, from food, to water, to providing the foundation for every piece technological equipment ever constructed. Knowledge though has also provided us with ever more imaginative and efficient means of killing and destroying each other and the planet, these means include nuclear weapons, and of course biological warfare. Therefore knowledge plays the role of the doubled-edged sword, bringing humanity luxuries and power beyond conception, as well as arming us with the tools to completely eradicate all life. In the novel of Oryx and†¦show more content†¦Both novels are typical of the science fiction genre, in that they similarly deal with plausible alternate realties, each which extrapolate from current technology to explore future circumstances with exaggerations of extremely controversial issues and elaborate on the possible dangers. A Canticle for Leibowitz was written in the 1950’s, an era in which nuclear weapons and the Cold War were very controversial issues. Oryx and Crake was written in 2002, a time period in which issues on continuing research in biotechnology raised concern among the populace of its possible future applications. In the novels Oryx and Crake penned by Margaret Atwood and A Canticle for Leibowitz written by Walter M. Miller Jr. it is shown that while knowledge is the base for human advancement, it is also the determining factor in our eventual doom, which is shown by the ambitious characters of Thon Taddeo Pfardentrott and Crake, the theme that power corrupts absolutely, and the use of foreshadowing to convey the results that knowledge has wrought on humanity. The character of Crake, in the novel Oryx and Crake shows himself to be a very ambitious character. Even as a child, Crake seemed to be an intelligent a nd inquisitive individual, seeking to know the truth in everything. He sought to achieve the absolute best in all aspects of his life which is displayed when he states â€Å"‘Because I’m good at it,’

List of the Current Legislation and Codes of Practice Relating to Equality Free Essays

Legislation Purpose Disability Discrimination Act 1995Protects the rights of all those with disabilities. It also places a duty on schools (and other organisations) to eliminate barriers to ensure that individuals can gain equal access to services Disability Discrimination Act 2005 Places a duty for schools to produce a Disability Equality Scheme (DES) and an Access Plan. Schools must encourage participation in all aspects of school life and eliminate harassment and unlawful discrimination Race Relations(Amendment)Act 2000 Outlines the duty of organisations to promote good relationships between people from different races Special Educational Needs and Disability Act 2001 Makes it unlawful for educational providers to discriminate against pupils with a special educational need or a disability Children Act 1989 Sets out the duty of local authorities (including schools) to provide services according to the needs of children and to ensure their safety and welfare Human Rights Act 1998 Sets out rights of all individuals and allows them to take action against authorities when their rights have been affected Children Act 2004Sets out the duty to provide effective and accessible services for all children and underpins the ive Every Child Matters outcomes Education Act 1996Sets out the school’s responsibilities towards children with special educational needs. We will write a custom essay sample on List of the Current Legislation and Codes of Practice Relating to Equality or any similar topic only for you Order Now The Act also requires schools to provide additional resources, equipment and / or additional support to meet their needs Equality Act 2010Sets out the legal responsibilities of public bodies, including schools, to provide equality of opportunity for all citizens. This brings together nine equality laws How to cite List of the Current Legislation and Codes of Practice Relating to Equality, Essay examples

Case-Study of National Supermarkets-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Identify the appropriate Human Resource Management Planning for filling up required Job Profile in retail assistant for your Chosen Organisation. Answer: Introduction The National supermarket is currently planning to expand their business to the rest of the Asian countries. Their current focus is the Singapore. They have adopted a unique business strategy that differentiates them from the other organizations in the market. They operate in small stores with single brand for each product. It helps them build strong relationship with their supplier and in securing reliability if the source of sales in for the future. This have further helps in reducing the cost of the products that enables them to offer products for much cheaper price than their competitors. They seek to follow similar strategy in their business in Singapore. Hence, it is necessary for the Human resource management team to consider these factors in the planning process. The following report will propose the planning for the recruitment and selection of staffs for the posts of retail assistant, checkout operators and security. Furthermore, the report discusses planning for performance management and remuneration and reward policy in their Singapore stores. Each of the planning will address the three of the job profiles mentioned above. The report will also reflect a clear understanding of the theoretical background of the planning, which is support the planning process. Recruitment As stated by Bratton and Gold (2012), the complete process of attracting the capable and appropriate candidates for a specific job profile within the organization is referred as recruitment. It initiates from the moment an organization places advertisement for reaching out the potential candidates and ends with the selection process. There are basically two types of recruitment the organizations can select from that are internal and external recruitment. Internal Recruitment Internal recruitment is the process, where the organization considers recruiting employees from within the organizations. There are a number of advantages of internal recruitment that are mentioned below: Organization can save considerable time and money invested for the recruitment, selection and training process. It also helps in motivating the employees to work harder for receiving promotion. The employees already working in the organization possesses lesser threat for the company than recruiting new employees (DeVaro and Morita 2013). However, there exist a number of disadvantages of internal recruitment that involves the filling up the post of the employee that has been promoted, and promoting one can upset another with similar potential. External Recruitment External recruitment requires the organization to place advertisement for attracting potential candidates from external market. They can select various mode of advertisement ranging from newspaper to hiring consultancies to search for potential candidates from the market. The company then requires preparing a proper job description to attract the right candidate for the post offered. This process is much more expensive than the internal one, as it requires investment from advertising, selecting to training. The best possible benefit the company can receive form the external recruitment is the chances of exploration of a range of fresh talent that might provide new experience and ideas in to the business (Ofori, and Aryeetey 2011). The internal recruitment process seems to be beneficial for the company according to their business strategy. However, considering the fact of business expansion in new country makes it impossible for the company to avail the internal recruitment. Hence, the company will bound to follow the external recruitment. However, they should consider the costing of the recruitment process. It that case, the company should avail the both newspaper and online social media for advertising where they need to post a short outline of the job description along with a link directing to the companys website that will provide further details of the requirement. All the three posts that are retail assistant, checkout operators, security and loss prevention can be filled with following this recruitment process. However, some of the post from the security control needs to be filled by internal recruitment process to ensure the security in their facilities as the risk in internal recruitment is low. Selection The process of selection initiates after at the end of recruitment process. In the words of Hendry (2012), the recruitment process ends with the receiving of the application from the potential candidate. Selection on the other hand identifies the candidates best fitted for the job profile eliminating the rest of the applications. It differentiates between the candidates for identifying and hiring who reflect better possibilities for succession in the job. Berman et al. (2012) proposed several steps or processes for the selection, out of which organizations selects the necessary steps required for meeting their need. It is important for the company to wisely plan their selection process as it involves various costs that are cost of instruments used, future cost of training and cost of the labour turnover if they do not retain with the organization. The standard selection process involves the following steps. Preliminary Interview This is used for eliminating the misfit applicant for the job. It is often conducted via phone call or online video calling. Selection test Different organizations prepares tests model depending on the job profile. It is to identify the skills of the processed candidates and check how well they can perform the given task (Costen 2012). Employment Interview This is to identify the applicants acceptability through a formal and in-depth conversation. There are various models of interview that the company needs to choose between. Reference and Background Checks Background of the candidates passed through the previous stages are then verified. It is to verify validity of the information provided by the candidates and the previous track record (Chaneta 2014). Selection decision The decisions are made by the managers and HRs of the company. The decisions are made on performance of the candidate in the previous stages. Physical Examination This is to identify the health of the candidates. This is often incorporated in the organizations where physical fitness is mandatory for the job profile (Doornenbal, Stitselaar and Jansen 2012). Job Offer The final stage is to negotiate the package with the employee and finalize the contract. Selection process for the Retail Assistants and Checkout operators does not require following all the steps mentioned above. They can complete the process only with the primary interview, employment interview, reference and background check, and selection decision, which will help them to reduce the costing. However, the company needs to conduct a physical examination for the post of Security and Loss Prevention where the candidates need to be physically compatible to prevent any security threat in the stores and warehouses. Performance management The purpose of the performance management is to track the performance of the employees and relate them with the goal of the company. A standard is set for understanding the level of performance of any given employee (Van Dooren, Bouckaert and Halligan 2015). Bach (2012) finds it beneficial to identify the performance of individual employee as it will help the managers to motivate their employee accordingly with the outcome. Furthermore, it will also help in realigning the focus of the employees with the goals and objectives of the organization if required. According to Armstrong and Taylor (2014), this is an ongoing process that is valid throughout the year. It incorporates various sub-processes that need planning. They are: Goal setting Process It is to make the goals of the organization transparent to the employees and the HR managers need to communicate the goals to the employees. It will facilitate in aligning the employee performance with the goals. Performance Appraisal This is to ensure the high motivation level of the employees that will in turn ensure high performance level of the employees. The basic concept of this method to provide appraisal to the employees based on their performance. It can be either monitory appraisal or position appraisal. It will keep the employees motivated which will help them to extract maximum performance of individual employees. Rolstadas (2012) quotes Sink and Tuttles definition of performance management and proposes a process that contains the following: Setting a transparent goal that needs to be achieved in the future Planning involves the formulation of strategies to move towards the goal Implementing effective improvement intervention that helps the organization to move towards the goal and increase the organizational performance by increasing employee performance level. Motivating the employees by various appraisal process will encourage the employees to provide better performance. It is important for the organization to monitor the performance of the employees by implementing a performance management plan. The processes as proposed by Rolstada are applicable in all the three job profiles. It will help the organization to increase the performance in organizational level and minimize the risk factors. It will also help in retaining the employees for a longer period that will help the organization to minimize the costing. Remuneration and Reward According to Shields et al.(2015) rewards are the tangible or intangible thing that the organization provides to the employees in exchange for their contribution. It is to motivate the employees by satisfying the needs of the employees as it has direct impact on the employee performance. Brocklehurst et al. (2012) states that there are various impacts of remuneration and reward that helps the HRM in attracting, engaging, motivating and retaining the employees for a longer period. The HRM should consider the external factors like market expenses and requirements of the employees during setting the salary slab for their employees. Reward on the other hand is the non-salary benefits that the employees receive from the organization. Shields et al.(2015) further divided the reward in extrinsic and intrinsic. Intrinsic rewards are the job challenges, responsibilities, autonomy and task variety the employee face in the organization. It is important for the organization to hire candidates ac cording to the interest as the intrinsic rewards will help them in providing high level of performance. Misfit employees will not consider the mentioned rewards as motivating factors and even consider these as hurdles which can potentially reduce the performance level. Extrinsic rewards on the other hand are the financial rewards, developmental rewards and social rewards (ALDamoe 2012). As national Supermarket follows cost leadership it will likely require a reward policy that can save money. The company should also consider the demographical target employee group during their remunerate planning and reward planning. The company can follow the fixed or base pay for the position of checkout operator and security position. Moreover, the company can offer the employees cash bonus to keep them motivated in the workplace. The intrinsic reward that the company can offer for the posts is the responsibility. The company will require a separate remunerate and reward policy for the retail assistant employees. They must follow the fixed pay and cash benefits under the financial rewards. They can further provide non-cash benefits to the retail assistants based on their performance. This will direct them to provide better performance in their workplace. Intrinsic rewards for the employees under this job profile are responsibilities and task variety. It is because they are the on e who communicates with different customers and delivers product details to them. Hence, they will get to communicate with a wide range of customers with a range of personalities. This will create variation in their task and also challenges to deal with these varieties. Conclusion It can be concluded from the above discussion that the National Supermarkets a supermarket chain operating in South East Asia has unique business strategy and follows cost leadership. It will hence require a separate human resource management planning for expanding in the market of Singapore that will bring them success in the market. The study reveals that the company requires an extern recruitment process in expanding in the market if they seek to follow their cost leadership. It means the company seeks to operate with low cost investment. Internal recruitment will cost them a considerable amount of money, as they have to export their employees from other countries. This justifies the selection of external recruitment planning. Furthermore, they can place advertisements on newspapers and social media websites for attracting potential candidates as collaborating with consultancies will cost them higher. Selection process as stated in the discussion is a standard process in the super market industry and does not require following the other steps mentioned in the theories of selection. Moreover, the target employees are the young students, single parents, aged population, and physically disabled persons for which the process is justified. The report further identifies performance management plan that will help them in motivating their employees and track their performance. This in turn will help the company to identify employee that deserves appraisals. Finally, the reward policy as prescribed will prove to be useful, as it will help the company to keep the employees motivated maintaining the low expenditure. References ALDamoe, Fathi Mohamed Abduljlil, Mohamd Yazam, and Kamal Bin Ahmid. "The mediating effect of HRM outcomes (employee retention) on the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance."International Journal of Human Resource Studies2, no. 1 (2012): 75. Armstrong, Michael, and Stephen Taylor.Armstrong's handbook of human resource management practice. Kogan Page Publishers, 2014. Bach, Stephen. "Performance management."Managing Human Resources: Human Resource Management in Transition(2012): 219-242. Berman, Evan M., James S. Bowman, Jonathan P. West, and Montgomery R. Van Wart.Human resource management in public service: Paradoxes, processes, and problems. Sage, 2012. Bratton, John, and Jeff Gold.Human resource management: theory and practice. Palgrave Macmillan, 2012. Brocklehurst, Paul, Martin Tickle, Stephen Birch, Anne-Marie Glenny, Elizabeth Mertz, and Jostein Grytten. "The effect of different methods of remuneration on the behaviour of primary care dentists."Cochrane Database Syst Rev5 (2012). Chaneta, I. "Recruitment and Selection."International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering4, no. 2 (2014): 289. Costen, Wanda M. "Recruitment and Selection."The Encyclopedia of Human Resource Management: Short Entries(2012): 379-387. DeVaro, Jed, and Hodaka Morita. "Internal promotion and external recruitment: a theoretical and empirical analysis."Journal of Labor Economics31, no. 2 (2013): 227-269. Doornenbal, Eunice, Willeke Stitselaar, and Linda Jansen. "Recruitment Selection."Christian University of Applied Sciences(2012): 1-20. Hendry, Chris.Human resource management. 2012. Ofori, Daniel, and Majoreen Aryeetey. "Recruitment and selection practices in small and medium enterprises: Perspectives from Ghana."International Journal of Business Administration2, no. 3 (2011): 45. Rolstadas, Asbjorn, ed.Performance management: A business process benchmarking approach. Springer Science Business Media, 2012. Shields, John, Michelle Brown, Sarah Kaine, Catherine Dolle-Samuel, Andrea North-Samardzic, Peter McLean, Robyn Johns, Patrick O'Leary, Jack Robinson, and Geoff Plimmer.Managing Employee Performance Reward: Concepts, Practices, Strategies. Cambridge University Press, 2015. Van Dooren, Wouter, Geert Bouckaert, and John Halligan.Performance management in the public sector. Routledge, 2015.

Franklin Roosevelt and Veto Power

Introduction The United States of America has enjoyed independence since 1796, the year that she was freed by the British colonial government. Since then, the country has continued to grow in all sectors of economy to become the world’s only super power.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Franklin Roosevelt and Veto Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the same note, it has had many presidents, some of which are remembered for their good legacy; while others are remembered for their bad leadership especially in matters pertaining to economy. One of the famous and remembered presidents is Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He was the United States of America president prior and during the outbreak of the World War II. Why did President Franklin Roosevelt veto more bills than any other president of the United States of America? Franklin Delano Roosevelt was the thirty second president of the United States of America. He became the United States President in 1933, having succeeded Herbert Hoover. Prior to becoming the President, Franklin Delano Roosevelt had served as the 44th governor of New York from January 1929 to December, 31st 1932. According to Pfiffner (21), in order for a bill to pass through, it has to receive a simple majority of votes in both the House of Representatives and in the Senate. He has claimed that in the House of Representatives, at least two hundred and eighteen of the four hundred and thirty five members must vote in favor of such a bill. On the other hand, the Senate has to have at least fifty one members out of the hundred supporting the bill. In the United States, and as per the constitution, every bill passed by the House of Representatives is given to the president for assent. The president is supposed to approve the bill and sign it before it is made law. If the president does not approve the bill, he should return it to the house, stating his objectio ns, for more debate. The presidential assent must be done within 10 days without counting Sundays. In case he does not approve and sign the bill by this period, the same bill will become a law. It will fail to become a law if the congress, by their adjournment provides otherwise. One of the main reasons why President Franklin Delano Roosevelt vetoed many bills during his tenure compared to other presidents is because during his time, the United States of America went through some of the most challenging events in history, that is the Economic Recession of 1929. This therefore called for bills addressing the plight of the people and the country so that adequate measures can to be put in place to protect the whole country. He vetoed a total of six hundred and thirty five bills.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More By the time Franklin became the United States president, Pfiffner (2 1) has argued that the country was still recovering from the 1929 Great Depression that continued to persist until the United States went to war after the attack at the Pearl Harbor. He notes that the attack on Pearl Harbor made the United States of America participate in the World War II. Therefore, in an attempt to rebuild the United States ailing economy, President Roosevelt initiated a New Deal Concept. This was meant to try and provide relief for all the members of the public and especially the employed ones from loosing such employment opportunities. He noted that, this deal was very complex because it involved other aspects of economy that were all intertwined. In addition, Conley (20) argues that Roosevelt had established well informed advisors who would help him on when to veto a certain bill. He gave an instance in 1944 when Roosevelt vetoed the tax measures in the Senate. He has observed that Roosevelt vetoed the bill and termed it as a bill not meant to help the poor peo ple but one meant to help the greedy in the society. He has further stated that Roosevelt wanted to preserve the integrity of the United States of America. He notes that by vetoing some of the bills, Roosevelt wanted them to be taken back to the Senate so that they could be deliberated upon in details so that such bills did not provide obstacles in future. On the other hand, Henderson (20) has stated that Roosevelt did not want the United States of America citizens deprived of the benefits of areas that had been regarded as historic and recreational. This point has been illustrated by the president refusal to assent to a bill seeking to abolish the Jackson Hole National Monument in 1943. In his remarks, he noted that his predecessors had not abolished the national monument and therefore he would not be exceptional. Another reason why Franklin Delano Roosevelt vetoed most of the bills was to make sure that the Congress was run by his fellow democrats. This is according to Karlyn (28) , who has observed that Franklin Roosevelt had initiated a plan that would help the subsequent Congresses be controlled by the democrats. To make sure his intentions worked as planned, he says that Franklin Roosevelt vetoed most of the bills brought by the Republican members of the Congress for him to assent to. According to Pfiffner (20), Franklin Delano Roosevelt has been the longest serving the United States of America president in history. He says that some of his predecessors and successors have been serving utmost a period of two terms. However, Franklin Roosevelt served for four terms, that is from 1935 to 1945, when he died while he had just begun his fourth term. As a result, Pfiffner (20) says that this is enough time for him to have vetoed such a huge number of bills.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Franklin Roosevelt and Veto Power specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Deen (22) has observed that during his tenure, the number of Democrats in the Congress and in the Senate was not enough to counter that of the Republicans. Therefore, whenever a bill was presented to the senate or Congress it sailed through quickly through the simple majority vote. This left Democrats without any significant influence in both houses. As a result, Franklin Roosevelt had to use his power to veto most of these bills to tame the influence of the Republicans on the Democrats. Moreover, he has claimed that Franklin Roosevelt vetoed some of the bills because they failed to reflect the wishes of many people in the society. He has argued that Roosevelt’s failures to assent to some of the bills were informed by the public opinion on certain bills. He claims that Roosevelt had been elected as a very popular president and would therefore do all within his powers to make sure that the people are served according to their expectations. He says that during his entire period, Roosevelt re mained and died as a popular president. In 1944, Karlyn (28) noted that President Franklin Roosevelt declined to assent to the Revenue Bill because it was in a way contradicting itself. He says that in his remarks after declining to assent to it, he said that the bill had purported to increase the national revenue by over two billion dollars. However, Roosevelt said that the bill itself would provide less than one billion dollars to the economy. As a result of that, Roosevelt said that he was compelled in deciding that the bill itself was ineffective in realizing its objective. The other reason why Franklin Delano Roosevelt vetoed some of the bills presented to him for assent was because he wanted to keep the United States of America away from the European affairs. Prior to the attack of the Pearl Harbor by the Japanese navy, many people had requested the President to allow the military to help Europe end the war to no avail. However, soon after the attack, Franklin Roosevelt declar ed war on Japan and her allies. The United States therefore joined Britain and her allies in the war. The failure by Roosevelt to assent to bills presented to him was as a result of huge division by the members of the Congress and the Senate. This is according to Miller Center (2), which says that Roosevelt wanted to remain neutral so that he could not be seen as inclining on one side of the debate. It says that the president would return such bills to the Senate and the Congress so that they could be debated further and an amicable agreement is found. This would go along way in making sure that there is peace and tranquility after he has assented to such bills. Although, some of the bills he vetoed were later assented to, many people have regarded him as one of the best United States of America chief executives.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Roosevelt goes down in history as the longest serving president in the US, after being elected for a fourth term. This means he came across the number of bills than any other president. Was he to serve for the two terms that most presidents were subjected to, president Grover Cleveland would have passed him for he vetoed the most number of bills than any other president for the full two terms. Roosevelt is therefore favored by the length of time he served in the office. Coupled with this is also the rate of happening of events at that particular time. This long tenure in the office was characterized by turbulent events of the depression and the World War, meaning a big deal of bills had to be proposed by congress than during normal times. Conclusion Franklin Delano Roosevelt has remained the longest serving presidents of the United States to date. Although, he has remained as the President who vetoed most of the bills, his contribution to shaping the modern day United States of Amer icas’ society has lived on. Therefore, the subsequent governments should have made sure that his legacy continues to live on by carrying on with all the projects he had initiated. This would be a positive initiative because it will ensure that those born after his death continue to learn about his achievements. In terms of vetoing bills, the subsequent presidents should make sure that the bills are well scrutinized to avoid negative consequences in future arising from such bills. Works Cited Conley, Richard. â€Å"Toward a New Typology of Vetoes and Overrides.† Political Research  Quarterly 54 (2001): pp. 31. Deen, Rebecca. Veto Threats as a Policy Tool: When to Threaten? Presidential  Studies Quarterly 32 (2002): 30-45. Henderson, Phillip. The presidency then and now. Maryland: Rowman Littlefield Publishers, 2000. Karlyn, Kohrs. Presidents creating the presidency: deeds done in words. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2008. Miller Center. â€Å"American Pre sident: A Reference Resource. Key Events in the Presidency of Franklin Delano Roosevelt.† Boston Cengage Learning. n. d. Web. Pfiffner, James. The Modern Presidency. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2011. This research paper on Franklin Roosevelt and Veto Power was written and submitted by user Kasey D. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Body Plans of Animals essays

Body Plans of Animals essays 1. All animals have body plans that are modifications from an original ancient ancestral animal body plan. This is proven with the similarities between different animals. The rat, dogfish shark, crayfish, pigeon and squid all have both a central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. This shows that they all are interrelated. Also, their respiratory systems are all similar. All the listed animals need oxygen, they just get it in different ways. The rat and pigeon take in oxygen while the dogfish shark, crayfish and squid all use gills to receive oxygen. 2. The evolutionary development of body plans ranges from the simplest to the most complex. Some animals that are complex are the rat and pigeon. The rat has bones similar to the human. The pigeon also has bones, but they are lightweight which allows them to fly with ease. The squid is an example of an animal with simple body plans. They do not live long and have no bones. Their skeletal system has very little structure. I believe that if the chordate is the most complex phylum, the most simple is the mellesca. The order I would put them in from simplest to most complex would be: squid, crayfish, dogfish shark, rat and pigeon. 3. a. The special adaptations of the rat are its ability to keep itself cool with its tail b. The rat eats food with its mouth. The process of breaking down its food starts in the salivary glands. It continues through the esophagus and into the stomach where the food c. An incomplete digestive system is where a single opening serves as the mouth and anus of the organism. A complete digestive system is where there are two openings, a mouth and anus. Rats have complete digestive systems. d. Rats breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. e. Rats have closed circulatory systems. A closed circulatory system is one where the blood stays closed inside veins and tubes. An open circula ...

Macroeconomics Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Macroeconomics - Dissertation Example The Future of US Dollar: Still the Preferred International Currency 23 2.2.3. The Future of US Dollar: The Beginning of the End 26 2.2.4. The Future of the US Dollar: Bretton Woods III or IV? 29 2.3. Some Observations 35 Summary 36 Chapter 3 Findings and Discussion 37 3.0. Introduction 37 3.1. The US Dollar and Its uncontested hegemony as International Money 38 3.2. The Future of the US Dollar: The Challenge to the System 40 3.3. The Alternative 42 Chapter 4 Conclusion and Recommendation 43 4.0. Conclusion 43 4.1. Recommendation 44 Chapter 1 Introduction 1.0. Introduction Economic history is the story of the gradual evolution and extension of the economic community from its origin of a single household to encompass the nation and the world. In its current stage, globalisation transforms the relationship among nations, highlighting the greater interdependence and integration among countries in economic activities in particular and all facets of society in general (Suarez-Orozco and Qi n-Hilliard 2004). The recent global economic meltdown shows how interconnected countries are – the financial debacle started as a sub-prime crisis in the United States, but its effect has an impact on the â€Å"raised global financial fragility. The bubble blew up first in one place and then in another, moving around the globe† (Wade 2008, p. 40). ... reserve currency of many countries around the globe; reserve-management plays a crucial role in assisting the country during the global economic crisis (Obstfeld and Rogoff 2009). Self-insurance, which means large stock of international reserves in time of stability, may enhance the financial stability of a country. However, in a system in which many countries hold their reserves as their form of liquidity insurance, it has a destabilising effect (Obstfeld and Rogoff 2009). As such, understanding the role of US Dollar in today’s monetary system is pivotal in determining and developing appropriate national financial policies deem responsive to issues arising during times of financial uncertainties and instability. 1.1. Objectives of the Research Considering the status of US Dollar as the basic international currency, the condition of globalisation and its ensuing interdependence among countries, especially in financial and economic activities and transactions, the following are the objectives of the research. †¢ To understand and examine the role of US Dollar as an international currency. †¢ To determine its future role in international monetary system. †¢ To discuss the role of US Dollar as an international medium of exchange, as a store of value, an anchor currency in the exchange rate regimes and its use for Invoicing of Exports †¢ To validate the use of US Dollar as a primary currency in official foreign exchange reserves and as transaction currency in capital and foreign exchange markets †¢ To explore other feasible alternatives to the US Dollar as an international currency 1.2. Research Questions The two primary questions of the research are (1) what is the role of US Dollar in today’s international monetary system. In addition, (2) What are the future

Changing roles of the Chaplain Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Changing roles of the Chaplain - Thesis Example Wars bring trauma to military men who are trained to fight in such events. Could this bring more than trauma to those people who are sent to wars who were not trained and not meant to be there in the first place? Chaplains are normally ordained and are officially endorsed clergy of some recognized religious body; however, some people do function as volunteer chaplains without ordination and/or endorsement. The chaplain ministry has grown rapidly over the last fifty years as both the Church and institutional settings have recognized the great need for such a ministry model and have worked to develop a mutually acceptable relationship between the institution and religious ministry.† James Johnson was a chaplain in the Vietnam War. He was sent there in 1967. In his book, Combat Chaplain: A Thirty-year Vietnam Battle, he wrote that he was only 26 years old then when he was sent to Vietnam. There he had 350 young soldier/parishioners. Johnson further stated what he felt as he and other GI soldiers went back to the United States in 1968. The author said, â€Å"So many of them have gone home in body bags. My feelings are a mixture of gladness, sadness, and grief tinged with guilt. I’m making it out and they didn’t (1-2).† Instead of giving focus to the enemies, military men are also given additional task to look after these personnel who were not trained for combat. It is not an easy task for chaplains to perform the things that they were trained to do in a place being where people are killing each other, man against man, brothers against brothers. In every religion, it is being taught that every human being should learn to love his or her man as they may not be brothers by the flesh but they are brothers by blood. In Gun Totin Chaplain, author Jerry Autry was also sent to the Vietnam War as a chaplain. There he made a realization and conclusion that war chaplains are not just tasked to perform